Shiso, also known as Japanese perilla, is an aromatic herb deeply rooted in Japanese food culture. Its fresh, citrusy aroma and delicate flavor make it a versatile ingredient used in sushi, noodles, and pickles. For centuries, Shiso has symbolized harmony with nature and the changing seasons in Japan. Today, it is gaining global recognition as a unique herb that bridges traditional and modern cuisine.
What Is Shiso? Japan’s Fragrant and Iconic Herb
Shiso belongs to the Lamiaceae (mint) family, and its scientific name is Perilla frutescens. In English, it is called Shiso, sharing the refreshing qualities of herbs like basil and mint. In Japan, there are two main varieties—red shiso and green shiso—each used differently. Green shiso (also known as ōba) is used as a garnish or aromatic leaf, while red shiso adds color and flavor to pickled plums and juices. Both varieties are indispensable aromatic herbs in Japanese cooking.
Shiso has been intertwined with Japanese life for centuries. It was already used as food in the Nara period (8th century) and became a common household plant by the Edo period. Due to its strong fragrance and preservative properties, it became a staple for fish dishes and preserved foods. Even today, its refreshing presence accompanies sushi, sashimi, and tempura.
Varieties and Uses of Shiso
| Type | Characteristics | Common Uses |
|---|---|---|
| Green Shiso (Ōba) | Fresh aroma, green leaves | Garnish for sashimi, tempura, seasoning |
| Red Shiso | Bright purplish-red leaves | Pickled plums, juices, furikake seasoning |
| Egoma (Perilla frutescens var. frutescens) | Nutty fragrance | Korean cuisine, health foods |
Shiso’s Role in Japanese Food Culture
A Herb That Adds Fragrance and Beauty to Food
In Japanese cuisine, Shiso serves as a key ingredient that enhances both aroma and visual appeal. It is especially valued in sashimi and tempura dishes for accentuating flavors while providing antibacterial effects that help prevent food poisoning in the summer. Shiso also reduces the smell of meat and fish, balancing the overall taste.
At home, Shiso is a household favorite. Finely chopped, it adds a refreshing and appetizing flavor to cold tofu, noodles, and stir-fried dishes. In hot weather, its fragrance helps stimulate appetite, making it a comfort in the summer season.
Common Uses and Culinary Effects of Shiso
| Type of Dish | Usage | Effect |
|---|---|---|
| Sashimi / Sushi | Used as garnish or base leaf | Removes fishy odor, adds color |
| Cold tofu / Noodles | Finely chopped as a condiment | Stimulates appetite, adds freshness |
| Fried or grilled foods | Added as garnish | Reduces greasiness, improves aftertaste |
| Pickles / Umeboshi | Enhances flavor and preservation | Offers antibacterial and preserving effects |
A Herb Rooted in Japanese Life and Seasons
Shiso is not merely a food ingredient—it is a symbol of Japan’s changing seasons. Red shiso, harvested during the rainy season, is indispensable for making pickled plums, its scent marking the beginning of summer. Green shiso appears throughout the summer in chilled dishes, while in autumn and winter, it enriches preserved foods and teas.
This seasonal use of Shiso reflects the Japanese aesthetic of harmony with nature. Its aroma embodies the spirit of living in rhythm with the four seasons, a key aspect of Japanese identity.
Shiso Through the Four Seasons
| Season | Common Use | Symbolic Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Spring | Used as garnish with fresh leaves | Represents renewal and freshness |
| Summer | Cold dishes like tofu, noodles | Adds cooling sensation and prevents spoilage |
| Autumn | Rice dishes, tempura | Deepens flavor and richness |
| Winter | Pickles, preserved foods | Supports immunity and prevents colds |
The Global Rise of Shiso
Why Shiso Is Gaining Attention Worldwide
In recent years, Shiso has captured the attention of top chefs in the global culinary scene. Its unique fragrance pairs beautifully with Western dishes, inspiring innovation in fine dining. Shiso-based salads, dressings, and cocktails are becoming popular, often referred to by chefs as “Asian basil.”
Shiso in World Cuisine
| Country / Region | Example Dish | Distinct Feature |
|---|---|---|
| France | Fish dishes with Shiso sauce | Refreshing herbal aroma |
| United States | Shiso cocktails, salads | Adds exotic and luxurious appeal |
| Vietnam | Pho, spring rolls | Provides light and fresh aroma |
| Korea | Perilla leaf wraps | Rich aroma enhances grilled meat |
This global interest stems from Shiso’s balance of strong and delicate flavors. Its versatility allows it to bridge Eastern and Western culinary traditions, contributing to the global fusion movement.
Health Benefits and Modern Value of Shiso
A Nutrient-Rich Gift of Nature
Shiso is now recognized as a Japanese superfood. It is packed with β-carotene, calcium, iron, and vitamin C, all of which support overall wellness. Known for its strong antioxidant properties, Shiso helps prevent aging and maintain healthy skin. Its natural compound perillaldehyde promotes digestion and has antibacterial and calming effects.
Nutrients and Health Benefits of Shiso
| Nutrient | Function |
|---|---|
| β-carotene | Antioxidant, supports skin health |
| Calcium | Strengthens bones and teeth, stabilizes nerves |
| Iron | Prevents anemia, promotes metabolism |
| Perillaldehyde | Antibacterial, improves digestion, relaxes body and mind |
The gentle fragrance of Shiso is also known for its relaxing and stress-relieving properties. Shiso tea, oil, and aroma products are increasingly popular in wellness lifestyles, reinforcing its identity as a “healing herb.”
Modern Health and Lifestyle Uses of Shiso
| Product Type | Description | Health Benefit |
|---|---|---|
| Shiso Juice | Made from red Shiso extract | Prevents fatigue, supports hydration |
| Shiso Oil | Extracted from perilla seeds | Improves blood flow, prevents lifestyle diseases |
| Aroma Products | Oils, candles using Shiso scent | Reduces stress, promotes relaxation and sleep |
Conclusion
Shiso is more than an aromatic herb—it is a symbol of Japanese aesthetics and harmony with nature. Its fragrance reflects Japan’s four seasons and embodies the country’s philosophy of appreciating natural balance. The global fascination with Shiso shows a growing respect for Japan’s food culture that values purity and authenticity.
Furthermore, it is gaining popularity among home gardeners abroad for being easy to grow and environmentally friendly. Shiso connects people and cultures through its aroma, serving as a bridge between Japan’s traditions and modern health consciousness.
Within a single fragrant leaf lies the beauty and soul of Japan.
Shiso is truly a work of aromatic art born from the Japanese landscape.
